java-gui

简介

java-gui不流行的原因：界面不美观、需要jre环境

swing、AWT

AWT

abstract windows

java.awt

Frame

setBounds设置Location和长宽

setBackground设置Frame的背景颜色

setVisible设置可见性

Frame中可以添加panel

关闭窗口：addWindowListener

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//适配器模式
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAapter()){
    @Override
    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
        //退出程序
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

panel

三种布局管理器

流式布局

FlowLayout()

一排一排的摆放，第一行摆完了再摆第二行

边界布局

BorderLayout()

中间会比较大，其他的地方比较小

表格布局

GridLayout()

frame.pack()自动填充大小

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import java.awt.*;

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1));

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBounds(200, 200, 400, 400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);

        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 2));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        
        p1.add(new Button("WEST-1"), BorderLayout.WEST);
        p1.add(new Button("EAST-1"), BorderLayout.EAST);

        for(int i=0; i<4;i++){
            p2.add(new Button("CENTER-"+(i+1)));
        }

        p1.add(p2, BorderLayout.CENTER);

//        p2.add(new Button("CENTER-1"));
//        p2.add(new Button("CENTER-2"));
//        p2.add(new Button("CENTER-3"));
//        p2.add(new Button("CENTER-4"));


        p4.add(new Button("CENTER-5"));
        p4.add(new Button("CENTER-6"));

        p3.add(new Button("WEST-2"), BorderLayout.WEST);
        p3.add(new Button("EAST-2"), BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(p4, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);
    }
}

事件监听

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class testactionlisterner {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button("test");

        // 因为addActionListener需要一个ActionListener所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack(); // 自适应
        windowClose(frame);

        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                super.windowClosing(e);
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }


}

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        System.out.println("abc");
    }
}

输入框

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Testtext1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        //初始化方法
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        //监听该文本框的输入文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        //按下回车会获得文本框中的输入内容
//        System.out.println(e.getSource());
        TextField content = (TextField)e.getSource();
        System.out.println(content.getText());
    }
}

简易计算器

oop原则：优先使用组合，组合大于继承(继承会增加耦合性 )

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//继承
class A extends B{
    
}

//组合
class A{
    public B b;
}

初始代码

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    public  Calculator(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10); //最大的字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10); //最大的字符数
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20); //最大的字符数

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");

        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);



        MyCalculatorListener myCalculatorListener = new MyCalculatorListener(num1, num2, num3);
        button.addActionListener(myCalculatorListener);


        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }


    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                super.windowClosing(e);
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
    //获得要运算的三个变量
    private  TextField num1, num2, num3;

    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3){
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        //获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());

        //将这个值加法运算后放在第三个框里
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

        //清除前两个框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");

    }
}

改为面向对象的写法

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1, num2, num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);

        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));

        Label label = new Label("+");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
        windowClose(this);

    }

    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                super.windowClosing(e);
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
    Calculator calculator = null;

    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

使用内部类进行优化：

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    private TextField num1, num2, num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);

        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());

        Label label = new Label("+");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
        windowClose(this);

    }

    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                super.windowClosing(e);
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

    //监听器类
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

画笔

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import java.awt.*;


public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame{

    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
        
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g){
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.drawOval(100, 100, 100, 100); //空心的圆
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100); //实心的圆

    }
}

鼠标监听

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame2("Drawing");
    }
}

class MyFrame2 extends Frame{
    // 需要监听鼠标来获得鼠标当前位置，并且用list来存储这些点

    ArrayList points;

    public MyFrame2(String title){
        super(title);  // super的用法复习一下
        setBounds(200, 200, 400, 300);

        //存放鼠标点击获得的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();

        //鼠标监听器
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
        setVisible(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g){
        //监听鼠标事件,将获得的点传入list中
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.RED);
            g.fillOval(point.x, point.y, 10, 10);
        }

    }

    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    //适配器模式
    private static class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        //只需要按压
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
            MyFrame2 frame = (MyFrame2) e.getSource();
            //我们通过这个frame获得x，y
            frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            frame.repaint();

        }
    }
}

窗口监听

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindowListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame {
    public WindowFrame(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(200,200,200,200);
        //匿名内部类
        addWindowListener(
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("closed");
                        System.exit(0);
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("activated");
                    }
                }
        );
    }
}

键盘监听

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class Testkeylistener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Mykeylistener();
    }
}

class Mykeylistener extends Frame {
    public Mykeylistener(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(10,10,100,100);
        addKeyListener(
                new KeyAdapter() {
                    @Override
                    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                        int keycode = e.getKeyCode();
                        if(keycode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                            System.out.println("up up up");
                        }
                    }
                }
        );
    }
}

Swing

窗口、面板

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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJrame1().init();
    }
}

class MyJrame1 extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        setBounds(10,10,100,100);
        setVisible(true);

        JLabel label = new JLabel("hello world");
        //设置标签居中
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        add(label);


        //JFrame中设置颜色需要设置容器的颜色
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.RED);

        //关闭事件
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

弹窗

新建一个弹窗类，然后用事件监听去绑定这个弹窗，在点击按钮之后new我们新写的弹窗类

标签

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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestIcon extends JFrame implements Icon{
    private int width;
    private int height;

    public TestIcon(){} // 无参构造

    public TestIcon(int width, int height){
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    } //有参构造

    public void init(){
        TestIcon icondemo = new TestIcon(15, 15);
        // icon可以放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel icon = new JLabel("icon", icondemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(icon);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestIcon().init();
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x, y, width, height); //画笔可以画一个圆
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}
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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        //获取该类同级目录下的图片
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("timg.jpg");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);

        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}
// 改代码遇到了空指针的问题，图片要放在src文件夹下，这里才是和类在同一文件夹的地方

JScroll面板

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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScollDemo() {
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JTextArea textarea = new JTextArea(20,50);
        textarea.setText("jscoll");
        JScrollPane scollpane = new JScrollPane(textarea);
        container.add(scollpane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScollDemo();
    }
}

图片按钮、单选框、多选框

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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class IconButtonDemo extends JFrame{
    public IconButtonDemo() {
        URL url = IconButtonDemo.class.getResource("timg.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);

        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("image_button");

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(button);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,100,100);


    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconButtonDemo();
    }
}
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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JRadioButtonDemo extends JFrame {
    public JRadioButtonDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //创建单选按钮
        JRadioButton rb1 = new JRadioButton("rb1");
        JRadioButton rb2 = new JRadioButton("rb2");
        JRadioButton rb3 = new JRadioButton("rb3");

        //创建按钮组，来实现单选功能，因为同一个组中只能有一个按钮被选择
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(rb1);
        buttonGroup.add(rb2);
        buttonGroup.add(rb3);

        container.add(rb1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(rb2, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(rb3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,100,100);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JRadioButtonDemo();
    }
}
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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JCheckBoxDemo extends JFrame {
    public JCheckBoxDemo() throws HeadlessException {
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JCheckBox check1 = new JCheckBox("check1");
        JCheckBox check2 = new JCheckBox("check2");

        container.add(check1, BorderLayout.NORTH); //假如不写不布局可能只出现check2
        container.add(check2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,100,100);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JCheckBoxDemo();
    }
}

下拉框、列表框

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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class ComboboxDemo extends JFrame {
    public ComboboxDemo() throws HeadlessException {
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JComboBox box = new JComboBox();
        box.addItem(null);
        box.addItem("1");
        box.addItem("2");
        box.addItem("3");

        container.add(box);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ComboboxDemo();
    }
}
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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class JListDemo extends JFrame {
    public JListDemo() throws HeadlessException {
        Container container = getContentPane();

//        String[] content = {"1", "2", "3"};
//        JList<String> jList = new JList<String>(content);

        Vector contents = new Vector();
        JList jList = new JList(contents);

        container.add(jList);

        contents.add("1");
        contents.add("2");
        contents.add("3");



        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(100,100);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JListDemo();
    }
}

文本框、密码框、文本域

TextArea文本域可以换行，TextField文本框不能换行

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JPasswordField pass = new JPasswordField();
pass.setEchoChar("*");

SnakeGame

https://github.com/risuxx/SnakeGame